# Tuckman’s team development theory
### Tuckman
- Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.
- Not a linear process. Even forming can have already happened.
- First three are the most important:
#### Forming
- Ground rules.
- People still treat each other as strangers.
- Can be new people, or people who already know each other.
- Still forming.
#### Storming
- differences emerge. Vulnerability.
- Means people care
- Cliques have emerged
- Lack of clarity on roles
- Early in group life we tend to resist the influence of others.
- We need to promote GOOD conflict (disagreements are good, arguments are bad)
Need vision, goals, structure and practices.
- Do they have info, equipment, communication lines and support they need?
#### Norming
- Patterns of behaviour
- Ground rules established
- Remember- cohesion and tradition can crowd out room for experimentation and change. Groupthink.
- Cultural norms are key. Eg Kaizen in Japan.
- Links to [[Belbin's Team Roles]].
#### Performing
- Keep energy going
- Maintain focus
- Learn new things. Open relationships. Trust. Risk taking.
- Reflection
#### Adjourning
- Bridges, 1991. Worked on transitions to other roles.
- What next.
- Celebrate what we've achieved
- Change both situational and psychological.
## Process
![[Pasted image 20220712102548.jpg]]
Criticisms-
- They don't move from one to another, they all happen at the same time.