>[!External Links]- >[Article (page 0)](file:///Users/edmoloney/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/2)\ Personal/2\#page=0)\ AREAS\ OF\ RESPONSIBILITY/240\ \-\ Personal\ Learning/241\ \-\ MBA/Module\ 4\ \-\ Organisational\ Behaviour\ and\ Change/What's\ “New”\ About\ New\ Forms\ of\ Organizing\-\.pdf\#page=0) Organisations: 1) are a *multi agent system* with 2) *identifiable boundaries* (but not closed systems) that has 3) *system level goals* (purpose) towards which 4) the constituent agents are expected to make a contribution. Organisations (including its component parts) must have solutions for the four problems of organising ([Punham,\ Alexy\ and\ Reitzig\ 2014 (page 0)](file:///Users/edmoloney/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/2)\ Personal/2\#page=0)\ AREAS\ OF\ RESPONSIBILITY/240\ \-\ Personal\ Learning/241\ \-\ MBA/Module\ 4\ \-\ Organisational\ Behaviour\ and\ Change/What's\ “New”\ About\ New\ Forms\ of\ Organizing\-\.pdf\#page=0)): "Division of Labour" - made up of 1. task division 2. task allocation "Integration of effort"- made up of 3. Reward provision 4. Information provision Novel ways of organising are changes to how solutions to these problems are coordinated. For example, task allocation can be self-selected by those at the bottom of the organisation (eg Wikipedia pages). This then has an impact also on reward provision (as the quality of tasks affects [[Motivation]]). ## APA Reference Punanam, P., Alexy, O. & Reitzig, M. (2014). What’s “New” About New Forms of Organising? In _The Academy of Management Review_ _39_(2), 162-180.